PIC is a family of modified Harvard architecture microcontrollers made by Microchip Technology, derived from the PIC1650 originally developed by General Instrument's Microelectronics Division. The name PIC initially referred to Peripheral Interface Controller The first parts of the family were available in 1976; by 2013 the company had shipped more than twelve billion individual parts, used in a wide variety of embedded systems.
Early models of PIC had read-only memory (ROM) or field-programmable EPROM for program storage, some with provision for erasing memory. All current models use Flash memory for program storage, and newer models allow the PIC to reprogram itself. Program memory and data memory are separated. Data memory is 8-bit, 16-bit and in latest models, 32-bit wide. Program instructions vary in bit-count by family of PIC, and may be 12, 14, 16, or 24 bits long. The instruction set also varies by model, with more powerful chips adding instructions for digital signal processing functions.
The hardware capabilities of PIC devices range from 8-pin DIP chips up to 100-pin SMD chips, with discrete I/O pins, ADC and DAC modules, and communications ports such as UART, I2C, CAN, and even USB. Low-power and high-speed variations exist for many types.
The manufacturer supplies computer software for development known as MPLAB, assemblers and C/C++ compilers, and programmer/debugger hardware under the MPLAB and PICKit series. Third party and some open-source tools are also available. Some parts have in-circuit programming capability; low-cost development programmers are available as well has high-production programmers.
PIC devices are popular with both industrial developers and hobbyists due to their low cost, wide availability, large user base, extensive collection of application notes, availability of low cost or free development tools, serial programming, and re-programmable Flash-memory capability.
The real name of this microcontroller is PICmicro (Peripheral Interface Controller), but it is better known as PIC. Its first ancestor was designed in 1975 by General Instruments. This chip called PIC1650 was meant for totally different purposes. About ten years later, by adding EEPROM memory, this circuit was transformed into a real PIC microcontroller. Nowadays, Microchip Technology announces a manufacturing of the 5 billionth sample...
In order that you can better understand the reasons for its popularity, we will briefly describe several important things.
PIC18F4520 Specificaton
Program Memory Type:Flash
Program Memory (KB): 32
CPU Speed (MIPS): 10
RAM Bytes: 1,536
Data EEPROM (bytes): 256
Digital Communication Peripherals: 1-A/E/USART, 1-MSSP(SPI/I2C)
Capture/Compare/PWM Peripherals: 1 CCP, 1 ECCP
Timers :1 x 8-bit, 3 x 16-bit
ADC: 13 ch, 10-bit
Comparators: 2
Temperature Range (C): -40 to 125
Operating Voltage Range (V): 2 to 5.5
Pin Count:40
Up to 10 MIPS Performance at 3V
C compiler optimized RISC architecture
8x8 Single Cycle Hardware Multiply
System
Internal oscillator support-31 kHz to 8MHz with 4xPLL
Fail-Safe Clock Monitor- allows safe shutdown if clock fails
Watchdog Timer with separate RC oscillator
Wide operating Voltage range; 2.0V to 5.5V
nanoWatt Power Managed Modes
Run, Idle and SLEEP modes
Idle mode currents down to 5.8uA typical
Sleep mode currents down to 0.1uA typical
Analog Features
10-bit ADC, 13 channels, 100K samples per second
Programmable Low Voltage Detection Module
Programmable Brown-out-Reset Module
Two Analog Comparators multiplexing
Peripherals
Master Synchronous Serial Port supports SPI™ and I2C™ master and slave mode
EUSART module including LIN bus support
Four Timer modules
Up to 5 PWM outputs
Up to 2 Capture / Compare
Early models of PIC had read-only memory (ROM) or field-programmable EPROM for program storage, some with provision for erasing memory. All current models use Flash memory for program storage, and newer models allow the PIC to reprogram itself. Program memory and data memory are separated. Data memory is 8-bit, 16-bit and in latest models, 32-bit wide. Program instructions vary in bit-count by family of PIC, and may be 12, 14, 16, or 24 bits long. The instruction set also varies by model, with more powerful chips adding instructions for digital signal processing functions.
The hardware capabilities of PIC devices range from 8-pin DIP chips up to 100-pin SMD chips, with discrete I/O pins, ADC and DAC modules, and communications ports such as UART, I2C, CAN, and even USB. Low-power and high-speed variations exist for many types.
The manufacturer supplies computer software for development known as MPLAB, assemblers and C/C++ compilers, and programmer/debugger hardware under the MPLAB and PICKit series. Third party and some open-source tools are also available. Some parts have in-circuit programming capability; low-cost development programmers are available as well has high-production programmers.
PIC devices are popular with both industrial developers and hobbyists due to their low cost, wide availability, large user base, extensive collection of application notes, availability of low cost or free development tools, serial programming, and re-programmable Flash-memory capability.
The real name of this microcontroller is PICmicro (Peripheral Interface Controller), but it is better known as PIC. Its first ancestor was designed in 1975 by General Instruments. This chip called PIC1650 was meant for totally different purposes. About ten years later, by adding EEPROM memory, this circuit was transformed into a real PIC microcontroller. Nowadays, Microchip Technology announces a manufacturing of the 5 billionth sample...
In order that you can better understand the reasons for its popularity, we will briefly describe several important things.
PIC18F4520 Specificaton
Program Memory Type:Flash
Program Memory (KB): 32
CPU Speed (MIPS): 10
RAM Bytes: 1,536
Data EEPROM (bytes): 256
Digital Communication Peripherals: 1-A/E/USART, 1-MSSP(SPI/I2C)
Capture/Compare/PWM Peripherals: 1 CCP, 1 ECCP
Timers :1 x 8-bit, 3 x 16-bit
ADC: 13 ch, 10-bit
Comparators: 2
Temperature Range (C): -40 to 125
Operating Voltage Range (V): 2 to 5.5
Pin Count:40
Up to 10 MIPS Performance at 3V
C compiler optimized RISC architecture
8x8 Single Cycle Hardware Multiply
System
Internal oscillator support-31 kHz to 8MHz with 4xPLL
Fail-Safe Clock Monitor- allows safe shutdown if clock fails
Watchdog Timer with separate RC oscillator
Wide operating Voltage range; 2.0V to 5.5V
nanoWatt Power Managed Modes
Run, Idle and SLEEP modes
Idle mode currents down to 5.8uA typical
Sleep mode currents down to 0.1uA typical
Analog Features
10-bit ADC, 13 channels, 100K samples per second
Programmable Low Voltage Detection Module
Programmable Brown-out-Reset Module
Two Analog Comparators multiplexing
Peripherals
Master Synchronous Serial Port supports SPI™ and I2C™ master and slave mode
EUSART module including LIN bus support
Four Timer modules
Up to 5 PWM outputs
Up to 2 Capture / Compare
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